Independent and Dependent Variables Show
In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the response that is measured. One way to think about it is that the dependent variable dependson the change in the independent variable. In theory, a change in the independent variable will lead to a change in the dependent variable. Example 1: In a study of how different doses of a drug affect the severity of symptoms, a researcher could compare the frequency and intensity of symptoms when different doses are administered. Here the independent variable is the dose and the dependent variable is the frequency/intensity of symptoms. Example 2: The rudder on a boat directs the course of the boat. By changing the position of the rudder (turning it left or right), the rudder moves a certain way in the water, and that movement changes the trajectory of the boat. Here the independent variable is the rudder, while the dependent variable is the trajectory of the boat. Tips: Independent and dependent variables are often referred to in other ways. For instance, independent variables are sometimes called experimental variables or predictor variables. Dependent variables are sometimes called outcome variables. One way to differentiate between whether a variable is independent or dependent is to consider when each variable occurred. Typically, the independent variable will be the variable that happened earlier. Meaning, if I am looking at a dataset that has a variable for the year someone was born and a variable for their level of happiness in 2019, it’s a good bet that the birth year is the independent variable because it happened before the current measure of happiness in 2019 (assuming we are not surveying newborn babies). In effect, this question would be measuring whether someone’s year of birth (maybe translated as generation affiliation) relates to how happy they are in 2019. The independent and dependent variables are key to any scientific experiment, but how do you tell them apart? Here are the definitions of independent and dependent variables, examples of each type, and tips for telling them apart and graphing them. Independent VariableThe independent variable is the factor the researcher changes or controls in an experiment. It is called independent because it does not depend on any other variable. The independent variable may be called the “controlled variable” because it is the one that is changed or controlled. This is different from the “control variable,” which is variable that is held constant so it won’t influence the outcome of the experiment. Dependent VariableThe dependent variable is the factor that changes in response to the independent variable. It is the variable that you measure in an experiment. The dependent variable may be called the “responding variable.” Examples of Independent and Dependent VariablesHere are several examples of independent and dependent variables in experiments:
How to Tell the Independent and Dependent Variable ApartIf you’re having trouble identifying the independent and dependent variable, here are a few ways to tell them apart. First, remember the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. It helps to write out the variables as an if-then or cause-and-effect sentence that shows the independent variable causes an effect on the dependent variable. If you mix up the variables, the sentence won’t make sense. Example: The amount of eat (independent variable) affects how much you weigh (dependent variable). This makes sense, but if you write the sentence the other way, you can tell it’s incorrect: Example: How much you weigh affects how much you eat. (Well, it could make sense, but you can see it’s an entirely different experiment.) If-then statements also work: Example: If you change the color of light (independent variable), then it affects plant growth (dependent variable). Switching the variables makes no sense: Example: If plant growth rate changes, then it affects the color of light. Sometimes you don’t control either variable, like when you gather data to see if there is a relationship between two factors. This can make identifying the variables a bit trickier, but establishing a logical cause and effect relationship helps: Example: If you increase age (independent variable), then average salary increases (dependent variable). If you switch them, the statement doesn’t make sense: Example: If you increase salary, then age increases. How to Graph Independent and Dependent VariablesPlot or graph independent and dependent variables using the standard method. The independent variable is the x-axis, while the dependent variable is the y-axis. Remember the acronym DRY MIX to keep the variables straight: D = Dependent variable M = Manipulated variable References
What are some examples of independent and dependent variables?The type of soda – diet or regular – is the independent variable. The level of blood sugar that you measure is the dependent variable – it changes depending on the type of soda.
What are independent and dependent variables in science experiments?In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the response that is measured. One way to think about it is that the dependent variable depends on the change in the independent variable.
What is the independent and dependent variable in an experiment example?For example, say you have ten sunflower seedlings, and you decide to give each a different amount of water each day to see if that affects their growth. The independent variable here would be the amount of water you give the plants, and the dependent variable is how tall the sunflowers grow.
|