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The United States Congress has two chambers, one called the Senate and the other called the House of Representatives (or “House” for short) which share the responsibilities of the legislative process to create federal statutory law. They occupy opposite ends of the Capitol Building.
About the Senate
The United States’s 50 states each elect two senators for staggered six-year terms. A senator represents between 0.6 and 40 million people, depending on their state’s population.
The day-to-day activities of the Senate are controlled largely by the political party holding the most seats, called the “majority party.” Here is a count of senators by party:
Senators by Party
D | Democrats Includes 2 Independents who caucus with the Democrats | 50 |
R | Republicans | 50 |
Total Seats | 100 |
Democrats hold the majority in the Senate because the Vice President, a Democrat, joins them to cast tie-breaking votes when necessary.
The District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.’s four other island territories — American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands — are not represented in the Senate.
Tenure of Senators
The table below shows a breakdown of how many years the senators have been serving in office.
Age and Sex of Senators
48% of senators are men over the age of 62, while only 7% of senators are women 62 years old or younger.
About the House of Representatives
The United States is also divided into 435 congressional districts with a population of about 750,000 each. Each district elects a representative to the House of Representatives for a two-year term.
As in the Senate, the day-to-day activities of the House are controlled by the “majority party.” Here is a count of representatives by party:
Representatives by Party
D | Democrats | 221 |
R | Republicans | 212 |
Vacancies | 2 | |
Total Seats | 435 |
The 435 congressional districts do not include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.’s four other island territories — American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands — which each send a non-voting delegate to the House. Puerto Rico’s delegate is called the Resident Commissioner.
Tenure of Representatives
The table below shows a breakdown of how many years the representatives have been serving in office.
Age and Sex of Representatives
30% of representatives are men over the age of 62, while only 17% of representatives are women 62 years old or younger.
States are represented in the House of Representatives in approximate proportion to their populations, with every state guaranteed at least one seat. There are currently 435 voting representatives. Five delegates and one resident commissioner serve as non-voting members of the House, although they can vote in committee. Representatives must be 25 years old and must have been U.S. citizens for at least 7 years. Representatives serve 2-year terms.
The U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate make up the two chambers of Congress. The House has 435 members, the number representing each state is determined by population.
Agency Details
Website:
U.S. House of Representatives
House Committees
House Leadership
Officers and Organizations of the House
Contact:
Contact the U.S. House of Representatives
Contact Your Representative
Local Offices:
Capitol Visitor Center
Main Address:
U.S. House of Representatives
Washington, DC 20515
Phone Number:
1-202-224-3121
TTY:
1-202-225-1904
Government branch:
Legislative
Related Agency
- Architect of the Capitol
- Congressional Budget Office
- Government Accountability Office
- Government Publishing Office
- House Office of Inspector General
- House Office of the Clerk
- Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
- Open World Leadership Center
- Stennis Center for Public Service
- U.S. Capitol Police