You might call it the homeowner's law of appliances: if something can break, it will do so at the most inconvenient time. Not that any time is good for an appliance to malfunction - much less a freezer. But when your freezer is full of meat, it's the middle of a hot summer and you're up to your neck in deadlines at work, it's barely even manageable. At times like these, troubleshoot the problem to determine the needed repair. You might be able to fix it yourself. If you can't, you'll save time and money knowing the proper solution.
How Freezers Work
Whether you have a refrigerator/freezer combination or a chest-style freezer - regardless of optional lights, ice makers or other features - the cooling system of any freezer works the same. The freezer compressor squeezes a refrigerant, typically freon, then transfers it to the condenser. Inside the condenser coils, the refrigerant changes from vapor to liquid as the heat in the refrigerant is expelled. This is the heat you feel blowing near the freezer when it's in a cooling cycle. Next, the now-cooler refrigerant flows through an expansion valve and into the evaporator. There, the refrigerant absorbs heat inside the warming freezer and cools the contents even as the refrigerant turns back into a warm vapor. Finally, the now-warm refrigerant returns to the compressor to restart the cycle.
Testing Your Freezer
Even perfectly functioning freezers will not maintain frozen food if the door is left even slightly ajar, such as when an item sticks out enough to press on the door. Also, using a freezer to cool hot items or opening the freezer frequently will affect the temperature inside. Another common reason you may think the freezer is running but not freezing is improperly packing the contents. Situated behind a vent inside your freezer, typically in the rear, the evaporator fan circulates cool air. Pull the contents away from this fan vent and leave room around items so air can reach every point in the freezer. After you've done that, put a thermometer inside the freezer and check it after an hour or two. The temperature should read about zero degrees Fahrenheit.
Freezer Door Seals
The seal around the freezer door can be another problem when your freezer is running but not freezing. Test your freezer's door seal by inserting a dollar bill between the door and freezer. Close the freezer door and see if you can pull out the dollar bill. If you can, something is interfering with the seal. A door seal that is dirty simply needs to be cleaned; if it's badly damaged, replace it. Different seals vary, so follow the manufacturer's installation instructions. If your freezer isn't level, it may also prevent a proper seal. Use a carpenter's level to determine when the door is plumb - straight up and down - or level and adjust the legs as needed.
Other Simple Repairs
If you're lucky, the temperature setting in your freezer was raised accidentally and the repair is obvious. There are a few other things to check when your freezer runs but fails to cool. Pull the freezer out and look for dust, debris or ice that might be smothering the coils. As chest-style freezers use internal coils, this applies to upright models or refrigerator/freezer combinations. A hair dryer quickly melts ice and a vacuum or soft cloth makes quick work of dust. With the freezer unplugged, locate the motor underneath the freezer and clean it. Defrost the freezer if it's clogged with ice. If you notice water pooling on the floor when the freezer is running but not freezing, check the drain tube in the freezer's floor or underneath the vegetable drawers in the refrigerator compartment. Insert a turkey baster of bleach water into the tube to clean it, or run a length of smaller tubing through it to push out the clog. Also, check for adequate clearance around your freezer and ensure it doesn't sit in a sunny, hot and humid location or in an unheated area.
Coolant System Repairs
Internal component repairs generally aren't DIY friendly. The cooling system involves dangerous parts and attempting to service them yourself can lead to injury. Some repairs also require specialized tools and in-depth knowledge. Among these repairs are bad evaporator fans that chirp and squeak or refuse to circulate cool air and lower refrigerant levels. A malfunctioning door safety switch is difficult to pinpoint but also prevents proper cooling even though the freezer is running. Likewise, a faulty defrost control timer, a bad thermostat and a failing evaporator will prevent cooling. Some repairs aren't even practical; both a bad compressor or a faulty main control board cost more to fix than to simply replace the freezer. A loud thumping is a sure sign that the compressor is at fault. Consult a professional in these situations.
Refrigerator: Why is my freezer not cold enough?
Defrost system problems, dirty condenser coils, fan failures, leaky door gaskets or control problems can lead to your freezer not getting cold enough. Although you may see the cooling problem start in the freezer, you'll typically soon find the refrigerator and freezer not cool enough. You'll want to fix the problem quickly to avoid food spoilage.
How to prevent air leaks that keep your freezer from getting cold enough
If your freezer is too warm to keep the ice cream firmly frozen and you see lots of frost inside the entire freezer compartment, then warm, moist air may be leaking into the refrigerator.
Check all door gaskets for damage and replace any damaged door gaskets.
If the gaskets are in good shape but a door sags on its hinges and creates gaps between the door gasket and the cabinet around the door openings, adjust the refrigerator door hinges so the gaskets seal properly to the cabinet around the door openings.
If you see frost buildup only on the back freezer compartment wall, then the automatic defrost system may have failed. When working properly, the defrost system melts frost off the evaporator coils every 8 hours or so to keep the air paths through the evaporator clear so the freezer and refrigerator compartments cool properly. If the automatic defrost system breaks, frost builds up on the evaporator and back freezer compartment wall. The frost buildup blocks cooling air paths through the evaporator so the freezer doesn't cool well.
Our video troubleshooting defrost system problems in refrigerators will help you diagnose and repair the defrost system in a common top-freezer refrigerator. You can also use the basic steps in the video to troubleshoot defrost system problems in side-by-sides and bottom-freezer refrigerators. If the defrost system in your refrigerator isn't working, you may need to replace the defrost sensor, defrost heater or other defrost components depending on the type of defrost system that your refrigerator uses.
How to fix other problems that prevent your freezer from getting cold enough
If you notice that the evaporator fan isn't running when you check for cooling inside the freezer compartment, our video troubleshooting evaporator fan problems in refrigerators can help you figure out why the evaporator fan isn't working. Replace the evaporator fan if it's bad.
Dirty condenser coils can cause cooling problems in the freezer. Unplug the refrigerator and check the condenser coils for dust and dirt buildup. Clean the condenser coils if they're dirty. Continue to clean the coils when you perform routine refrigerator maintenance.
Check to see if the condenser fan works when you see the freezer not getting cold enough. The condenser won't cool refrigerant efficiently if the condenser fan doesn't run. Replace the condenser fan if it doesn't run when activated.
Faulty temperature sensors or controls can also prevent the freezer from cooling well. Our video troubleshooting thermistor problems in refrigerators provides advice on diagnosing and fixing temperature control problems in a common top-freezer refrigerator. Follow the guidelines in the video to check temperature sensors and controls in your refrigerator and replace any failed parts. If you have different type of refrigerator than the one shown in the video, follow the basic troubleshooting principles shown in the video to diagnose and repair the control system and temperature sensors in your refrigerator.
THESE REPAIRS MAY HELP SOLVE YOUR REFRIGERATOR PROBLEM
Replace the refrigerator defrost sensor
The refrigerator defrost sensor-also known as the defrost bi-metal termination thermostat-trips when it detects that the temperature of the evaporator is getting hot enough that it might overheat. When the defrost sensor trips, it shut off power to the defrost heater. If the defrost sensor trips because it's not working correctly, frost builds up on the evaporator fins, eventually making the refrigerator and freezer not cool well. You can use volt/ohm meter to check the defrost sensor for continuity. Replace the defrost sensor if it shows no continuity at around 0 degrees F.
Refrigerator defrost sensor
Find the required part specific to your product.
How to replace a defrost sensor in a side-by-side refrigerator
If your side-by-side refrigerator isn't as cool as it should be and frost is forming in the freezer, a failed defrost sensor could be to blame. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace the refrigerator defrost sensor, also called a defrost thermostat bi-metal.
Clean the refrigerator condenser coils
Dust-covered refrigerator coils can prevent the refrigerator and freezer from running efficiently and cooling properly. Follow the instructions in your owner's manual for cleaning the condenser coils. Unplug the refrigerator before accessing and cleaning the coils. On most refrigerators, the coils are behind the bottom front grill. Clean the condenser coils with a coil brush.
Clean the refrigerator condenser coils
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July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to clean refrigerator condenser coils
Does the ice cream in your freezer seem too soft or the beverages in your refrigerator not cold enough? It could be the condenser coils need to be cleaned. This DIY repair guide shows how to clean the refrigerator condenser coils in 4 easy steps.
Replace the refrigerator condenser fan
The condenser fan is in the machine compartment of the refrigerator next to the compressor. It moves air across the condenser coils to help cool the hot refrigerant coming out of the compressor. The refrigerant is cooled before it moves through the expansion device and into the evaporator. If the condenser fan is defective, replace it.
Refrigerator condenser fan
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Repair the refrigerator defrost system
The refrigerator automatic defrost system periodically melts frost from the evaporator to improve heat exchange. During defrosting, the compressor stops, the defrost heating element turns on, and frost melts from the evaporator fins. The condensate drips to a evaporator drip tray below the evaporator and then flows through a defrost drain tube to a drain pan next to the compressor in the machine compartment. The condensate water evaporates from the drain pan before the next defrost cycled. If the defrost process fails, diagnose and repair the problem.
Repair the refrigerator defrost system
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July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a defrost sensor in a side-by-side refrigerator
If your side-by-side refrigerator isn't as cool as it should be and frost is forming in the freezer, a failed defrost sensor could be to blame. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace the refrigerator defrost sensor, also called a defrost thermostat bi-metal.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a refrigerator defrost control assembly
If your Kenmore or LG refrigerator displays an Er dS error code or an Er dH error code and the freezer won't defrost, it could be the defrost control assembly failed. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace the defrost control in 8 easy-to-follow steps.
January 12, 2021By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace an electronic control board on the back of a refrigerator
If the control panel lights or fans in your side-by-side, top-mount or bottom-freezer refrigerator aren't coming on, it could mean the electronic control board has failed. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace a faulty refrigerator electronic control board in 7 quick steps.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace the defrost heater in a top-freezer refrigerator
Is the freezer in your top-freezer refrigerator not as cold as it should be? The problem could be a faulty defrost heater. This DIY repair guide and video have easy-to-follow instructions on replacing the refrigerator defrost heater.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a defrost heater in a side-by-side refrigerator
When a side-by-side refrigerator isn't cooling well and frost builds up in the freezer, the defrost heater may be at fault. This DIY repair guide with step-by-step instructions shows how to replace a failed defrost heater in a side-by-side refrigerator.
Replace the refrigerator evaporator fan
The evaporator fan is mounted on the evaporator assembly. It moves air across the evaporator fins and through the cabinet for cooling. If the evaporator fan is defective, replace it.
Refrigerator evaporator fan
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July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace the evaporator fan motor in a top-freezer refrigerator
Is your refrigerator not as cold as it should be? A failed evaporator fan motor, which blows cold air from the evaporator to the refrigerator, could be the problem. This DIY repair guide and video show how to replace a faulty evaporator fan motor in a top-freezer refrigerator.
Replace the refrigerator temperature control board
The temperature control board-also called the electronic control board-is in the machine compartment next to the compressor, behind a panel on the back of the refrigerator. The temperature control board controls the compressor and other major components in the refrigerator. You can test it using the diagnostic test procedures provided in the tech sheet for the refrigerator. Replace the temperature control board if it doesn't work at all or isn't controlling the components correctly.
Refrigerator temperature control board
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July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a refrigerator temperature control board
If a refrigerator is colder or warmer than the temperature you set, the temperature control board might be the problem. This DIY repair guide gives step-by-step instructions to replace the temperature control board in 30 minutes or less.
Replace the refrigerator temperature control thermostat
The temperature control thermostat is also called the cold control or cold control thermostat, and is located in the control housing. The thermostat has a sensor tube attached to it that detects the temperature inside the refrigerator cabinet. The temperature control thermostat controls the temperature inside the cabinet by turning on and shutting off the compressor based on the temperature sensed by the sensor tube. Replace the temperature control thermostat if it fails to sense temperature properly or if it does not cycle the compressor properly.
Refrigerator temperature control thermostat
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July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a refrigerator temperature control thermostat
Is your refrigerator is too cold or too warm? The temperature control thermostat could be to blame. This DIY repair guide gives step-by-step instructions for refrigerator temperature control replacement in 30 minutes or less.
Replace the refrigerator thermistor
If the refrigerator is not cooling enough, the thermistor might be faulty. The thermistor sends temperature information to the thermostat, so a broken thermistor will give bad information.
Refrigerator thermistor
Find the required part specific to your product.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a refrigerator thermistor
If your refrigerator isn't keeping the temperature you set, the problem could be the thermistor, which senses the temperature. This DIY repair guide shows how to easily replace the thermistor in 15 minutes.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace the thermistor in a top-freezer refrigerator
Is your refrigerator too cold or not cold enough? The thermistor might not be reading the temperatures correctly. This DIY repair guide and video give easy-to-follow instructions on how to replace the thermistor in a top-freezer refrigerator in just 6 steps.
Replace the refrigerator defrost timer
The defrost timer is an electro-mechanical device that controls the intervals between automatic defrost cycles in the refrigerator. The defrost timer motor runs and moves the control components in the device. When the control contacts in the defrost timer advance into the defrost cycle, the compressor stops and the defrost heater turns on for a specified period of time to melt frost off of the evaporator fins. This promotes more efficient exchange of heat across the evaporator. When the specified period of defrost ends, the defrost timer contacts switch back to allow normal cooling operation in the refrigerator.
You'll need to replace the defrost timer if it doesn't advance when activated.
Faulty contacts in the timer can also cause the defrost heater to either not energize at all or constantly energize. In that instance, replace the defrost timer.
Refrigerator defrost timer
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Adjust the freezer or refrigerator door
The refrigerator or freezer doors swing on hinges that can be damaged or bent. Over time, the doors may begin to sag, allowing warm moist air into the refrigerator or freezer door that creates excessive frost that can eventually cause the drain tube to freeze. This refrigerator repair involves adjusting or repairing the hinges so that the doors work properly and stay aligned.
Adjust the freezer or refrigerator door
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Replace the refrigerator door gasket
The door gasket attaches to the refrigerator or freezer door panel and prevents air from entering or escaping the cabinet when the door is shut. A damaged gasket lets warm, moist air into the refrigerator when the door is closed, causing excessive frost and cooling problems. Replace the door seal if it's damaged or torn.
Refrigerator door gasket
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December 8, 2020By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace a door gasket in a top-freezer refrigerator
A worn or damaged refrigerator door gasket lets warm air into the refrigerator, causing frost buildup and inefficient cooling. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace a top-freezer door gasket in 4 easy steps.
Replace the refrigerator electronic control board
The electronic control board-also called the main control board or the power control board (PCB)-controls the compressor and the defrost cycle. When it senses that the compressor must run to keep the refrigerator cool, it sends voltage to the compressor and fans. The electronic control board also receives signals from temperature sensors to monitor the temperatures inside the refrigerator and freezer. With this information, the electronic control board controls the defrost cycle. You can usually do a diagnostic test on the electronic control board to see how well it's working. The test varies by model, but the most common is the Forced Defrost test. See the tech sheet for instructions on running the diagnostics. Replace the electronic control board if it's not working correctly.
Refrigerator electronic control board
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January 12, 2021By Lyle Weischwill
How to replace an electronic control board on the back of a refrigerator
If the control panel lights or fans in your side-by-side, top-mount or bottom-freezer refrigerator aren't coming on, it could mean the electronic control board has failed. This DIY repair guide shows how to replace a faulty refrigerator electronic control board in 7 quick steps.
Routine refrigerator maintenance
Dust-covered refrigerator coils can prevent the refrigerator and freezer from running efficiently and cooling properly. Follow the instructions in your owner's manual for cleaning the condenser coils. Unplug the refrigerator before accessing and cleaning the coils. On most refrigerators, the coils are behind the bottom front grill. Clean the condenser coils with a coil brush. Additional routine maintenance includes replacing the water filter, cleaning the dust from the bottom front grille, adjusting the hinges if the doors don't seal tightly, and emptying water from the drain pan.
Routine refrigerator maintenance
Find the required part specific to your product.
July 20, 2015By Lyle Weischwill
How to clean refrigerator condenser coils
Does the ice cream in your freezer seem too soft or the beverages in your refrigerator not cold enough? It could be the condenser coils need to be cleaned. This DIY repair guide shows how to clean the refrigerator condenser coils in 4 easy steps.
Symptoms common to all refrigerators
Choose a symptom to see related refrigerator repairs.
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Why won't my refrigerator run?
Main causes: control board or cold control failure, broken compressor start relay, compressor motor failure, defrost timer problems
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Repair guides common to all refrigerators
These step-by-step repair guides will help you safely fix what’s broken on your refrigerator.
Help your refrigerator run more efficiently by cleaning the condenser coils. It's easy and takes just a few minutes.
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Replace the water valve that feeds water to the ice maker and water dispenser if it no longer controls the flow of water.
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If the temperature in your refrigerator doesn't match the temperature you set, the problem could be the temperature control board—a service technician can give you a definite diagnosis. If the board is at fault, follow these steps to replace it yourself.
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Articles and videos common to all refrigerators
Use the advice and tips in these articles and videos to get the most out of your refrigerator.
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